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Common Rain Frog (Craugastor fitzingeri)

On my three trips to Yatama Ecolodge, I have seen this frog species plenty of times, but it was only on my latest one on April 2022 that I captured some share-worthy pictures. We spotted this first individual on a green leaf that layed on the ground, which I thought was unusual given how these frogs prefer to camouflage in the leaf litter using their brownish skin. It remained there patiently as I took pictures from many angles and tried different flash placements to see the effect on lighting. A second individual was calling from a leaf about one meter above the ground, which also I thought was unusual. It was difficult to spot as other leaves would conceal it from view, but I asked my dad to help me with flash placement and holding a few loves while I leaned my body in to get closer shots.

Common Rain Frog
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Green Giant Canopy Anole (Anolis frenatus)

We found this anole sleeping on a branch as we hiked in search of the Ghost Glass Frog at Yatama Ecolodge. It did not move an inch, but after a few shots it opened its eyes, presumably awakened by the camera flash. Compared with the much more common Slender Anole, this species is big and stocky, and its green coloration helps it camouflage effectively on leafs and branches. Its colors are rather bright for an anole, but I suppose it might be helpful to attract potential mates.

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Slender Anole (Anolis limifrons)

This small reptile is very common around Yatama Ecolodge, even around the refuge. I saw individuals in many areas of the reserve, both during the day and at night hikes. We even found one that was molting its skin right on top of a leaf. Per the description of the Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Field Guide book by Twan Leenders, this is the most common anole in the country, although I certainly haven’t paid attention before if I have seen them previous to my visits to Yatama.

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Slim-fingered Rain Frog (Craugastor crassidigitus)

When it comes to identifying frogs and reptiles, I still consider myself an amateur. I have spent countless hours birding, but herping I am just starting out. So I might be forgotten if I can’t easily identify a frog like this one to species level, given how similar are many of the species in the Craugastor family. And this very fact, together with the inmense variability of appearance in these species make identification difficult, so deciding whether this is a White-lipped, Common or Slim-fingered Rain Frog can be a tough challenge. The fact is, I rely on the opinion of friends and experts like the guides in Yatama Ecolodge, to help with identification, and of course the Amphibians of Costa Rica: A Field Guide book by Twan Leenders is a great source to help with that process. Now, a few traits might be enough to distinguish the species, like observing the lack of a white lip stripe in the case of the individual below, but with their small sizes, that can also be easier said than done. There will be plenty of learning ahead of me.

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Stream Anole (Anolis oxylophus)

There is always a back story for every picture that I take, and this might be one of the most amusing. I hiked early in the morning with all my gear to a rapids section of a river at Kinkajou Tropical Reserve, close to Yatama Ecolodge where I was staying. I kept thinking about how dragging all that equipment was not worth it; after all the trail was all muddy and the vegetation had encroached itself to make passing through difficult. After I had finished with the landscape pictures, I was talking to my guide close to a rock at the river’s edge, when I saw an orange flash come out of a branch. When I paid attention, I saw this anole, head raised and dewlap extended, probably displaying for a nearby female that we could not find. I had read about the Stream Anole in the Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Field Guide book by Twan Leenders, but it never crossed my mind I would find it that day without searching for it. All of a sudden, carrying all that weight on my back was entirely worth the trouble.

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Vaillant’s Frog (Lithobates vaillanti)

When night falls at Yatama Ecolodge, frogs take over every corner, specially on humid, rainy nights. One such night, I was searching for the Splending Leaf Frog which sadly did not appear, when the guide mentioned he had heard it calling from a pond located close to the main refuge. I went there, and though I did not see the Splendid, I found this Vaillant’s Frog calling from the edge of the shallow pond. To me it seems that this frog chose to stay on a green leaf to help it camouflage better, as the soil and dead leaves are brown, making green frogs a bit conspicuous even with the scarce light of the night. It let me get close to snap a few pictures, and it remained in the same place when I left.

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Atlantic Broad-headed Litter Frog (Craugastor megacephalus)

We found the Atlantic Broad-headed Litter Frog during a night hike at Yatama Ecolodge. It looked like it was hiding below a leaf, and I got a glimpse as I illuminated the floor with my headlamp. It stayed put while I was taking photographs, and even let me remove the leaf that was covering its back. I presume this frog is very comfortable with its camouflage, although I would say with this color, it does not hide very well. According to the Amphibians of Costa Rica: A Field Guide book by Twan Leenders, it is common throughout its range, which in Costa Rica includes the Caribbean lowlands. It looks rather grotesque to me with those skin folds and oversized head and arms, unlike some of the slender litter frogs like the White-lipped Rain Frog or the Masked Litter Frog, and indeed it is much larger than both.

Atlantic Broad-headed Litter Frog
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Central American Bullfrog (Leptodactylus savagei)

It is hard to explain the size of this huge frog. Maybe imagining about 7 Strawberry Poison Dart Frogs lined up one behind the other can help. This frog is very large is in comparison with most other frog species in Costa Rica. Given its size and commonality according to the  Amphibians of Costa Rica: A Field Guide book by Twan Leenders, it was surprising that I could not see as many of them as I would have suspected during my two visits to Yatama Ecolodge. To be fair, they can still camouflage very well against the leaf litter, and the two individuals that we saw, one on each trip, were very close to the refuge, the first one just by the sidewalk. In comparison, I had to walk many hours in many different trails to see the Ghost Glass Frog just once, and I searched for another specialty, the Splendid Leaf Frog, without any success at all.

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Clay-colored Rain Frog (Pristimantis cerasinus)

On my second trip to Yatama Ecolodge, I was not fortunate enough to see the sunset given the prevailing weather in July 2021, but then nature showed me a different kind of sunset. Take a look at those dazzling eyes! And to think that I found this frog conspicuously resting on top of a leaf by the sidewalk. I would almost wish the official name of this frog was sunset-eyed instead of clay-colored. According to the Amphibians of Costa Rica: A Field Guide book by Twan Leenders, its skin coloration is highly variable and its most distinctive trait is the color of the eyes, so to refer to it by its overall color is not very meaningful. While very similar in shape, it is intermediate in size between the Pymgy and the Golden-spotted Rain frogs, and as such should not be too difficult to spot.

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Common Dink Frog (Diasporus diastema)

At Yatama Ecolodge, you don’t have to venture deep into the trails to find interesting wildlife. I spent a few nights just by the sidewalk connecting the rooms to the kitchen area, searching for frogs while keeping myself close to a roof to avoid the sudden rains. I heard the characteristic, high pitched call that gives this family its name, and managed to get a shot with its inflated pouch. Sadly, every time I got closer in, it stopped calling, but I see that as an excuse to return and try again. While I can’t tell if i saw any other individual of this species, I sure heard its call along the two times I have stayed at Yatama. Now, although the color of this species is not so well suited to camouflage when resting on top of a leaf, I would not blame anyone who cannot see it, as this frog is tiny, on the order of a Strawberry Poison Dart Frog that most day hikers in the Caribbean have seen at least once in their life. If it remains motionless, chances are you won’t see a thing!